\u0130thalat ve ihracat\u0131n tarihi, Avrupal\u0131 ve Asyal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Avrasya’n\u0131n topraklar\u0131nda mal ithal edip ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kadar uzan\u0131r. \u0130pek Yolu boyunca ticaret, on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda geli\u015fti. \u00c7in ve Hindistan’dan ithal edilen kervanlar \u00e7\u00f6l \u00fczerinden Konstantinopolis ve \u0130skenderiye’ye geldi. Oradan \u0130talyan gemileri mallar\u0131 Avrupa limanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de geli\u015ferek ulusal ekonomilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ve k\u00fcresel pazar\u0131n geni\u015flemesini sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n
Basit bir tan\u0131m yap\u0131lmak istenirse ihracat, kendi \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde tedarik edilen veya \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmetlerin ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \u0130thalat ise ihracat\u0131n tam tersi olan, ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkenin mal ve hizmetini sat\u0131n al\u0131p kendi \u00fclkesine getirmek olarak bilinir. Bu iki terimin ingilizce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0import (ithalat)\u00a0ve\u00a0export (ihracat)\u00a0\u2018tur.<\/p>\n
\u0130thalat\u00a0bir \u00fclkenin var olmayan, k\u0131t, y\u00fcksek maliyetli veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli belirli \u00fcr\u00fcn veya hizmetleri di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle pazar\u0131na sunmas\u0131na izin verir. Bu y\u00fczden ekonomi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0\u0130hracatta\u00a0bir mal\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 pazarda rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00f6viz kuruyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Ne kadar ihracat, o kadar \u00fcretim, i\u015f ve gelir anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Bir \u00fclke net ihracat\u00e7\u0131 ise, belirli bir zaman diliminde \u00fcretti\u011fi nihai mal ve hizmetlerin toplam de\u011feri olan gayri safi yurti\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131 artar. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, net ihracat bir \u00fclkenin zenginli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131r. D\u00f6viz kurunun d\u00fc\u015fmesi, yani yerli paran\u0131n yabanc\u0131 para kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu mal\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 pazarda daha pahal\u0131 hale getirece\u011finden mal\u0131n rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r. Bu bilgiler do\u011frultusunda ithalat ve ihracat bir \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f ticaret dengesi konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130thalat ve ihracat\u0131n tarihi, Avrupal\u0131 ve Asyal\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n Avrasya’n\u0131n topraklar\u0131nda mal ithal edip ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kadar uzan\u0131r. \u0130pek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9447"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9449,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9447\/revisions\/9449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}