{"id":9457,"date":"2022-12-13T23:26:47","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sitedestek.me\/tmgd\/?p=9457"},"modified":"2022-12-13T23:26:47","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:26:47","slug":"dgr-nedir-dgr-paketleme-hukumleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/dgr-nedir-dgr-paketleme-hukumleri\/","title":{"rendered":"DGR Nedir? DGR Paketleme H\u00fck\u00fcmleri?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DGR \u0130ngilizce a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u00a0<strong>Dangerous Goods Regulations<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<strong>Tehlikeli Mallar Kurallar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0olarak ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p>Tehlikeli mal tan\u0131m\u0131 ADR kapsam\u0131nda ulusal olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir tan\u0131ma sahiptir. Buna g\u00f6re \u2018Kimyasal ve fiziksel yap\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle elde edilmesi, i\u015flenmesi, saklanmas\u0131, paketlenmesi, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7evreye, insanlara ve do\u011fa hayata zararl\u0131 olabilecek t\u00fcm maddelerdir.\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 maddeler u\u00e7akta ta\u015f\u0131namayacak kadar tehlikelidir, baz\u0131lar\u0131 sadece kargo u\u00e7aklar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nabilir, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise hem kargo hem yolcu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131na kabul edilir. Hava yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nacak tehlikeli maddelere belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve kurallar getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu kurallar ise DGR olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>IATA&#8217;ya \u00fcye havayollar\u0131 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc madde ve malzemenin havayoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 taleplerinin artmas\u0131 ve art\u0131\u015f neticesinde ta\u015f\u0131nan her \u015feyin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yolcunun, u\u00e7u\u015f ekibinin, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ve ta\u015f\u0131nan di\u011fer malzemelerin emniyetini ciddi olarak etkileyebilece\u011fini belirledi. Bunun sonucunda eldeki verilerle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzeme, miktar, paketlenme ve ta\u015f\u0131nma \u015fartlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilerek 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk &#8220;IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA Tehlikeli Maddeler Kurallar\u0131)&#8221; kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DGR Paketleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tehlikeli mallar\u0131n havayollar\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda bir paketleme i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Paketleme t\u00fcrleri ve tehlikeli mallar farkl\u0131 olsa da uyulmas\u0131 gereken bir paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri vard\u0131r.<br \/>\nTehlikeli Mallar\u0131 hava yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Hava Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (IATA), Tehlikeli Mallar D\u00fczenlemeleri (DGR) uyar\u0131nca genel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel paketleme talimatlar\u0131 haricinde baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Patlay\u0131c\u0131lar olarak ge\u00e7en S\u0131n\u0131f 1 maddeleri ve Radyoaktifler olarak ge\u00e7en S\u0131n\u0131f 7 maddelerinin kendi i\u00e7lerinde \u00f6zel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri vard\u0131r ve e\u011fer hava yollar\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak bir ta\u015f\u0131mada bu s\u0131n\u0131flar bulunuyorsa bu \u00f6zel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IATA DGR B\u00f6l\u00fcm 5.0.2 Uyar\u0131nca Genel Paketleme H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Y\u00fckleme-bo\u015faltma ve ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in normal ko\u015fullara dayanabilecek kaliteli ambalaj kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Paketler, herhangi bir i\u00e7erik kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 ve kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Paketler, \u00fcreticinin \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Paketin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tehlikeli kal\u0131nt\u0131lar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Emiciler de dahil olmak \u00fczere paket, i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hava ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar nedeniyle yumu\u015fayan, k\u0131r\u0131lgan veya\u00a0 ge\u00e7irgen hale gelebilecek malzemelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ambalajlar kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ah\u015fap ambalaj malzemeleri, 15 No.lu Bitki Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nlemleri i\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Standartlara ( ISPM15) ve 2004\/102\/EC AB Komisyonu Direktifine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Paketleme ve kapatma y\u00f6ntemi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve titre\u015fimleri dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u00e7 ambalajdaki s\u0131v\u0131lar bir kapatma arac\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin bant, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme man\u015fonlar\u0131) sahip olmal\u0131 veya s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir astar\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n paketi 130\u00b0F&#8217;de tamamen doldurmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli kafa bo\u015flu\u011fu sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131v\u0131 ambalajlar\u0131, IATA DGR b\u00f6l\u00fcm 5.0.2.9&#8217;da belirtilen bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreten bir i\u00e7 bas\u0131nca s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olmadan dayanabilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 hale gelebilecek kat\u0131lar i\u00e7in ambalaj, maddeyi s\u0131v\u0131 halde i\u00e7erebilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Farkl\u0131 tehlikeli maddeler, uyumlu olduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece tek bir pakette birle\u015ftirilebilir; kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 ambalaj ve miktar limitleri, her bir ge\u00e7erli paketleme talimat\u0131nda belirtilenlere uygundur; kullan\u0131lan d\u0131\u015f ambalaj\u0131n t\u00fcm ge\u00e7erli ambalaj talimatlar\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131; ve ambalaj, ambalaj\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi en k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 tehlikeli mal ambalajlama grubu i\u00e7in spesifikasyon performans standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekir fakat bu durum i\u00e7in bir Q de\u011feri hesaplamas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Kombinasyon paketleri i\u00e7in (i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f paket) \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ambalajlar aras\u0131nda tamponlama sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131lar dik olmal\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f ambalaj\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iki taraf\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirme ok etiketleri veya i\u015faretleri yerle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Farkl\u0131 i\u00e7 ambalaj t\u00fcrleri ile test edilmi\u015f d\u0131\u015f kombinasyon paketleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u00e7 ambalajlar i\u00e7erebilir. E\u015fde\u011fer bir performans seviyesi korunursa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka ambalaj testi yap\u0131lmadan i\u00e7 ambalaj varyasyonlar\u0131na izin verilir:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Herhangi bir bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmak i\u00e7in yeterli yast\u0131klama kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece daha az i\u00e7 paket kullan\u0131labilir<\/p>\n<p>E\u015fde\u011fer veya daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyuttaki i\u00e7 ambalajlar, \u015fekil olarak benzer olduklar\u0131 ve test edilen i\u00e7 ambalajlarla ayn\u0131 veya daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klara ve benzer kapaklara sahip olduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece kullan\u0131labilir; in\u015faat malzemesi darbeye\/kuvvete kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fit diren\u00e7 sunar; bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak i\u00e7in yeterli yast\u0131klama malzemesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r; ve i\u00e7 ambalajlar, test edilen ambalajdakiyle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendirilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u0131\u015f paketlerin, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme nedeniyle tehlikeli \u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fumuna izin vermemelidir.<\/li>\n<li>DGR&#8217;de yetkilendirilmedik\u00e7e, paketlerin havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmez (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kuru buz g\u00f6nderileri i\u00e7in havaland\u0131rma gereklidir)<\/li>\n<li>Her paket, gerekli t\u00fcm i\u015faretleri ve etiketleri bar\u0131nd\u0131racak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tehlikeli madde art\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7eren paketler tamamen d\u00fczenlemeye tabidir<\/li>\n<li>So\u011futma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 olarak \u0131slak buz kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa paket b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korunmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131v\u0131lar i\u00e7in tasarlanan ambalajlar, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k testinden ge\u00e7melidir<\/li>\n<li>Plastik bidonlar ve bidonlar ve sert plastik ara d\u00f6kme konteynerler (IBC) ve plastik i\u00e7 kaplara sahip kompozit IBC&#8217;ler, be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckse kullan\u0131lamaz. Bu ambalajlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00fcretim tarihi yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kendili\u011finden tepkimeye giren malzemeler ve organik peroksitler, PGII spesifikasyonlu ambalajlarda paketlenmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak hava yoluyla tehlikeli mal ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya g\u00f6nderimi yap\u0131l\u0131rken genel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. E\u011fer bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uyulmuyorsa ta\u015f\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemez. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yukar\u0131da bahsedilen ve \u00f6rne\u011fi verilen baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6zel paketleme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gerekti\u011finde uygulanmaz ise yine ta\u015f\u0131ma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DGR \u0130ngilizce a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u00a0Dangerous Goods Regulations\u2019d\u0131r ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Tehlikeli Mallar Kurallar\u0131\u00a0olarak ge\u00e7er. Tehlikeli mal tan\u0131m\u0131 ADR kapsam\u0131nda ulusal olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9457"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9457\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9460,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9457\/revisions\/9460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.trfreightline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}